According to Newton’s third law of motion, To every action there is always equal and opposite reaction. Thus action and reaction are universally equal without exception. Newton has given this law in his book , the Principia published in 1686. The law is 334 years old and regarded as perfectly true by 7.8 billion people of the world. Even then this fundamental law has been theoretically modified. The reason for theoretical modification is that the law, neglects the shape of body e.g. body may be sphere, semi-sphere, umbrella shaped, triangle, cone, flat or irregular shape. Till date scientists have not conducted experiments pertaining to shape, but the law is regarded as true in this regard without experiments on the basis of previously established applications. Newly suggested shape based experiments have never been quantitatively conducted, but these are originated on genuine applications of Newton’s third law of motion. It must be noted that even these shape based experiments are successful, then modification will be applicable on this specific topic or area only. This modification would have no effect on the established status of the law where it is found correct and taught over centuries. Many scientists of the world have suggested that these original experiments must be conducted. Scientific world regard these experiments original, logical and scientific. The experiments would be an addition in understanding of the law. Newton’s third law has been theoretically modified anticipating the positive outcome of new shape based experiments. But for final confirmation of the theoretical modification of the law some shaped based experiments need to be conducted.
In 2018, during presentation in conference of American Association of Physics Teachers, Washington DC USA, one of the scientists said that Ajay if you could prove the modification in Newton’s law experimentally then India would get Nobel Prize. These experiments are expected to cost is Rs. 10-12 Lakhs only . I am requesting hon’ble Prime Minister Sh Narender Modi ji , to provide me laboratory facilities for such significant experiments. If someone doubts the validity of my research paper, then I am ready for video recorded seminar at any scientific forum. I have reports and comments of scientists for proof .
NASA Scientists proved Newton’s Third Law of Motion incorrect in first stage experiments
The scientists are confirming breakdown of the law in different way also. Let us understand the research of scientists of NASA’S Houston based Eagle works laboratory of Johnson Space Center in Texas USA. Newton’s law has been found completely wrong in the first stage experiments. These experiments were conducted in sophisticated equipment called EM Drive and are related to launching of satellites. The research paper of NASA scientists is published in Journal of Propulsion and Power’ in 2017. In spite of criticizing the experiments on large scale, critics have not been able to prove experiments incorrect till date.The investigations are on.
The experiments regarding shape of bodies would prove Newton’s third law inadequate
Why Newton’s fundamental third law of motion must be modified ? The clear answer to this question is that it neglects the shape of bodies. Let we have bodies of rubber of mass 1kg. These bodies of rubber may have different SHAPEs e.g. sphere, semi-sphere, umbrella shaped, triangle, cone, flat, irregular shape etc. When bodies of same mass 1kg of different shapes fall on the earth then all bodies irrespective of SHAPE , experience the same gravitation force ( mass x acceleration due to gravity) equal to 9.8N. Thus action of all bodies is 9.8N; as Newton defined action as force which is force of gravity (mg) in this case.When bodies strike the floor then action and reaction occur in equal pairs. All the bodies have action (force of gravity or weight) 9.8 newton; then according to third law of motion , the reaction for all bodies must be 9.8 newton i.e. precisely equal in magnitude and opposite to action. The rubber sphere of mass 1kg, may rebound in exactly opposite direction to original height from which it is dropped i.e. 1meter. Thus for round spherical ball both action and reaction are 9.8newton. We explain that action = -reaction; thus Newton’s third law is justified in case of spherical bodies.But bodies of different SHAPES rebound to height less than 1 meter. Thus in this case reaction is less than action i.e. less than 9.8 newton. Had reaction for bodies of different shapes been equal to 9.8N then they would have rebounded to exactly in opposite direction to height of 1meter like spherical ball. Thus Newton’s law fail in this case of bodies of different shapes i.e. other than spherical. But such examples are not discussed in the literature at all. Thus the 334 years old law is not completely studied yet regarding experiments involving shape of bodies.
Theoretical Modification in Newton’s Third law of motion based on shape of bodies
According to modified form of the law, in all conditions the action and reaction are not equal but proportional to each other. Thus equality of action and reaction is not universal. When the sign of proportionality is removed, then coefficient of proportionality comes in equation. This coefficient of proportionality accounts for SHAPE of body and other CHARACTERISTICS which are neglected by Newton’s third law.Mathematically, the value of coefficient can be ONE for round sphere and it would be less than ONE for different shapes of bodies. The exact value of coefficient can be determined experimentally. Like this according to modified form of law the action can be less, more or equal to reaction. The modified form of law is complete law but Newton’s third law is its special case. This research is equally important for study of collisions where the SHAPE and other CHARACTERISTICS of bodies are also neglected.
The opinion of other scientists
First of all, I have published theoretically modified form of Newton’s third law of motion in journal Acta Cienecia Indica in year 2000 i.e. 20 years ago. In 2016 my important paper is published in Canadian journal of fundamental physics known as Physics Essays. But this work got new direction in 2018 when I presented paper in conference of American Association of Physics Teachers in Washington DC , America. On 22 August 2018, the President of the association Professor Gordon P Ramsey ( Loyola University Chicago ) stated in the report that SHAPE is significant factor but not taken in account by third law of motion ; and experiments suggested by me can prove Newton’s Third law wrong.
In 2019 the scientists and Director of National Physical Laboratory of Council of Scientific and Industrial Research New Delhi stated in report that SHAPE is neglected in Newton’s Third law of motion. So shape dependent experiments suggested by Ajay Sharma to check Newton’s law are original. The report further stated that Sharma should send detailed project on Newton’s Third Law for financial assistance.Earlier Editors of international journals Current Science and Foundations of Physics have also asked for experimental observations. 107th Indian Science Congress 2020 held in Bangalore published my research on modification of Newton’s third law in the proceedings.
Request for Government
I have passed BSc in 1983 and MSc(Physics) in 1985 with first divisions. I started my teaching career as lecturer Physics at DAV College Chandigarh and taught physics as lecturer for years in Himachal Pradesh. Currently I am working on administrative post of Deputy District Education Officer Shimla. I have neither laboratory facilities nor Phd degree . Thus on my own I cannot submit project for funding to DST and CSIR where first requirement is availability of laboratory. As I worked hard for three decades, so I have innovative research which no body have. This research will raise the status of tricolor to new heights and will bring moments of the rarest pride for 135 crore Indians all over the world.Thus I request Hon’ble Prime Minister Sh. Narender Modi ji, Minister of Science and Technology Dr Harsh Vardhan ji, Chief Minister Sh. Jai Ram Thakur ji, MP and Adhyaksh Sh Jagat Prakash Nadda ji, Minister Sh. Anurag Thakur ji and Education Minister Sh. Suresh Bhardwaj ji for laboratory facilities. Like this I may confirm the inadequacy of Newton’s third law of motion finally.These experiments are expected to cost is Rs. 10-12 Lakhs only . On 1st August 2018 during my presentation at conference of American Association of Physics Teachers at Washington DC in USA , one of the American scientist has said that Ajay if you could prove the inadequacy of Newton’s law experimentally then it would mean Nobel Prize for India.