Even when COVID pandemic is actively ravaging our planet, we lose more than one million lives every year due to viral hepatitis - a condition of liver inflammation caused by viruses! Though there are five types of viruses that can cause hepatitis ( A,B,C,D,E), two of them (Types B and C) are dangerous as they can stay with us for many years and cause significant damage to the liver ending up in shrunken sick liver (cirrhosis) and /or liver cancer. The impact on the patients, their families and the health care caused by liver cirrhosis and liver cancer is enormous - in terms of money, loss of work and shortened lifespan! Hepatitis B affects 3 % of Indian population. It may be acquired from mother before/at birth or other children in early life. In this situation, there is a 95% chance that the virus stays for the rest of the affected child's life! If an adult gets the B virus through unsafe sexual contact or through contaminated sharp instruments (needle sharing by intravenous drug users, tattooing, piercing), then there is only a 5% chance that this will stay in the liver long-term. Sadly only 10% of people with Hepatitis B only are diagnosed. Of those diagnosed only a minority receive correct treatment. Hepatitis B can be effectively prevented by a course of three doses of vaccines beginning at birth. This along with screening of all pregnant mothers and treating the positive women and good hygienic lifestyle by population will hopefully see the end of this virus in the next few decades! For those already having this virus, effective and safe antiviral medicines are available to keep the condition under control.Hepatitis C affects 1% and is mostly acquired by exposure to contaminated blood through unsafe medical procedures or needle sharing by drug users. Again, only a small proportion of those affected by Hepatitis C are diagnosed and treated. There is no vaccine available for Hepatitis C yet! But the good news is this can be cured in almost all with this infection with a short course of antiviral medications. Needless to say that prevention is better than cure - so safe medical and lifestyle practices are essential to safeguard ourselves from these killer viruses!July 28 is World Hepatitis Day - this year's theme is 'Hepatitis can't wait'. Truly finding and treating hepatitis patients and taking steps to prevent new infections are really urgent even as the covid battle is still on!This is possible if public awareness rises for both prevention and diagnosis. Avoid sharing sharp objects like nail clippers, razors etc and don't patronize unsafe tattooing/ piercing!Health care industry can contribute to more diagnosis by adding two simple blood tests to look for Hepatitis B and C infection in master health checkup programmes. Corporate sectors can pitch in by doing this in the occupational health check-ups. O note is that WHO has endorsed self-check for Hepatitis C by the general population this year!Governments across the globe should focus on total immunisation of all newborns for Hepatitis B and ensure that the screening and treatment should reach people with disadvantage like prisoners, migrants, drug users who are at high risk!With concerted efforts of all involved, we can hope to curtail hepatitis by 2030 and to eradicate some year after that!!
Authored by –
Dr. P. Basumani, Senior Consultant Gastroenterologist, Sri Ramachandra Medical Center, Chennai