Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are either over- or under-sensitive to sensory information.The severity of social difficulties experienced by them daily may increase according to their senstitiveness to touch, which may be more than their visual or auditory sensitivities, a study has found.The study showed that the sense of touch may play a more crucial role in individuals with ASD than previously assumed. For some with ASD, busy and crowded environments such as supermarkets are overwhelming, while others may be less sensitive to pain, or dislike being touched.They may have difficulties in determining which tactile sensations belong to the action of someone else, the study said."The results can yield a novel and crucial link between sensory and social difficulties within the autism spectrum," said Eliane Deschrijver from Ghent University in Belgium.A normal human brain can detect very quickly when a touch is not their own. However, this process is different in the brain of adults with ASD. Their brain may signal to a much lesser extent, when an external touch sensation does not correspond to their own touch.Individuals who experienced stronger sensory difficulties showed a stronger disturbance in their brain.
They were also the ones that experienced more severe social difficulties, the researchers said."It is the first time that a relationship could be identified between the way individuals with ASD process tactile information in their brain, and their daily social difficulties," Deschrijver noted."These findings can primarily lead to a better understanding of the complex disorder, and of associated difficulties," added Roeljan Wiersema, Professor at Ghent University in Belgium.In the study, the researchers investigated how the brain of individuals with and without ASD uses own touch to understand touch sensations in the actions of others.In a series of experiments with electro-encephalography (EEG), the scientists showed that the brain activity of adults with ASD differs from that of adults without ASD while processing touch.The findings were published online in the journal Social, Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience.